Understanding the Upper Shell and Lower Shell in Steelmaking

At EAFab Corporation, we design and manufacture custom-engineered meltshop equipment that helps steelmakers perform their jobs more efficiently and safely. When focusing on Electric Arc Furnace (EAF), two of the most important parts we build are the Upper Shell and Lower Shell. In this blog, we’ll explain what these shells do, how they’re built, and why EAFab's designs stand out.

The Upper Shell and Lower Shell form the main body of an Electric Arc Furnace. Together, they contain and control molten steel during the melting process.

Upper Shell: This part serves as the structure to uphold the water-cooled panels. It’s made to handle the extreme heat from the electric arc that melts the scrap metal. In simpler terms, the Upper Shell helps manage the heat so the scrap can melt properly.

Lower Shell: This part holds the molten steel once it’s melted. The lower shell also includes the tap hole, which allows steel to be drained from the furnace and move on to the secondary metallurgy process. The inside of the Lower Shell is lined with special heat-resistant materials, such as refractory bricks, to handle the high temperatures and tough conditions.

Both the Upper Shell and Lower Shell of the Electric Arc Furnace deal with extreme heat, pressure, and chemical exposure. At EAFab, our main goal is to design these shells to last longer, produce more efficient heats, and keep all steelworkers safe.

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The Upper Shell Features...

• Thermal Expansion: Our Upper Shells are built to handle fast changes in temperature without cracking.

• Water Cooling Systems: Built-in cooling panels reduce heat, prevent damage, and help the shell last longer.

The Lower Shell Features...

• Shell Shape: The Lower Shell is shaped to spread heat evenly and allow smooth slag flow.

• Tap Hole Placement: We carefully position the tap hole for clean steel tapping and less leftover slag.

  
  

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What is EAFab's Custom Approach?

• Custom sizing and design to fit each mill's physical needs and end goals

• Water-cooling systems with panels proven to increase performance and efficiency

• Strong, durable materials engineered and manufactured to last longer under pressure

• Customer service at the heart of every partnership and interaction

  

The Upper Shell and Lower Shell are more than just working parts, they are key to how well a furnace works. At EAFab, we take pride in building shells that help steelmakers run safer, smarter, and longer.

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The contents of this blog were written, rendered, and produced by a Student Intern from our STEAM Program at Upper Saint Clair High School.